{"id":1348,"date":"2017-06-25T11:15:46","date_gmt":"2017-06-25T10:15:46","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.bskbardejov.chess.sk\/?p=1348"},"modified":"2020-08-23T10:41:02","modified_gmt":"2020-08-23T09:41:02","slug":"sa-kamene-zmenili-figurky","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bskbardejov.chess.sk\/index.php\/2017\/06\/25\/sa-kamene-zmenili-figurky\/","title":{"rendered":"Ako sa Kamene zmenili na Fig\u00farky?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Viete ? …. Na\u010fabila som na celkom zauj\u00edmav\u00fa diskusiu star\u0161ieho d\u00e1ta na f\u00f3re s\u0161z. Tak\u017ee preber\u00e1m a prajem pr\u00edjemn\u00e9 \u010d\u00edtanie :,, kedy a hlavne pre\u010do sa v slovenskom preklade Pravidiel \u0161achu FIDE zmenili “Kamene” na “Fig\u00farky”?<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

N\u00e1zov dne\u0161n\u00fdch \u0161achov\u00fdch kame\u0148ov sa postupne vyv\u00edjal tak ako sa \u0161ach, resp. jeho predchodcovia (od \u010daturangy\/\u0161atrand\u017eu, stredovej a modernej podoby \u0161achu) \u0161\u00edril po jednotliv\u00fdch krajin\u00e1ch v podstate 2 smermi z oblasti dne\u0161nej Indie\/P\u00e1kistanu cez Perziu (Ir\u00e1n) – arabsk\u00e9 \u0161t\u00e1ty (ovl\u00e1dali dne\u0161n\u00fd Bl\u00edzky v\u00fdchod, severn\u00fa Afriku a\u017e po juh \u0160panielska – Cordobsk\u00fd kalif\u00e1t, nesk\u00f4r Grandsk\u00fd emir\u00e1t),do z\u00e1padnej Eur\u00f3py sa tak \u0161ach dost\u00e1val cez dne\u0161n\u00e9 \u0160panielsko\/Pyrenejsk\u00fd polostrov (arabsk\u00e1 ju\u017en\u00e1 \u010das\u0165 spom\u00ednan\u00fd Cordobsk\u00fd kalif\u00e1t + stredovek\u00e9 kres\u0165ansk\u00e9 kr\u00e1\u013eovstv\u00e1 najm\u00e4 kast\u00edlske – le\u00f3nske, arag\u00f3nske at\u010f.)
\na juh Talianska v r\u00e1mci normansko-arabsk\u00fdch, odtia\u013e \u010falej do kraj\u00edn z\u00e1padnej, severnej a strednej Eur\u00f3py, napr. do na\u0161ich kon\u010d\u00edn cez italsk\u00fdch kupcov, ktor\u00ed obchodoval i na \u00fazem\u00ed \u010desk\u00e9ho a uhorsk\u00e9ho kr\u00e1\u013eovstva, resp. \u010desk\u00e9 knie\u017eacie oddiely napr. pri (nemeckej) Sv\u00e4tej r\u00edmskej r\u00ed\u0161e cis\u00e1r dob\u00fdval severotaliansk\u00e9 mest\u00e1, postupne sa to mixovalo
\nv\u00fdchodn\u00e1 Eur\u00f3pa – najm\u00e4 dne\u0161n\u00e9 Rusko to z\u00edskavalo priamo cez stredn\u00fa \u00c1ziu i cez Mongolov, ktor\u00ed v tom \u010dase ovl\u00e1dali takmer cel\u00fa \u00c1ziu (od \u010c\u00edny, strednej \u00c1zie, dne\u0161n\u00fd Ir\u00e1n ako Ilchan\u00e1t, sever Indie ..)\u010falej arabsko – byzantsk\u00e9 (gr\u00e9cke) obchodovanie ..<\/strong><\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

V\u0161etky zmeny historick\u00fdch n\u00e1zvov v desiatkach jazykov popisuje Harold J. R. Murray najkultovnej\u0161ej knihe “A History of Chess! najm\u00e4 okolo str. 400 (odpor\u00fa\u010dam pozrie\u0165)
\nod staroindick\u00e9ho sanskrt – perz\u0161tinu – arab\u010dinu – rom\u00e1nske jazyky – latin\u010dinu, katal\u00e1n\u010dinu, provens\u00e1ln\u010dinu, stredovek\u00e9 a modern\u00fa franc\u00faz\u0161tiny, talian\u010dinu at\u010f., germ\u00e1nske, slovansk\u00e9<\/p>\n

K\u00fdm kr\u00e1\u013e, pe\u0161iak, jazdec (bu\u010f ako k\u00f4\u0148 alebo ako rytier v stredoveku vi\u010f caballero, cavallero, knight) a\u017e tak ve\u013ek\u00e9 zmeny neza\u017eil<\/span>
\nve\u017ea rovnako bu\u010f ako rukh – rook sa niekde \u0161\u00edrila ako klasick\u00e1 stredovek\u00e1 ve\u017ea\/ba\u0161ta hradu, niekde ako bojov\u00e1 lo\u010f\/vojnov\u00fd \u010dln – ladja<\/span><\/p>\n

najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161ie zmeny (najm\u00e4 v chode fig\u00far) s kr\u00e1tkokrok\u00fdch na dlhokrok\u00e9 za\u017eili dne\u0161n\u00fd strelec a dne\u0161n\u00e1 d\u00e1ma<\/span><\/p>\n

strelec p\u00f4vodne arabsk\u00fd alfil\/fil p\u00f4vodne z bojov\u00fdch slonov s lukostrelcami “Slon” (dodnes v talian\u010dine\/\u0161paniel\u010dine podobn\u00e9 n\u00e1zvy “alfiero”, alfil”, niekde ako biskup – pod\u013ea mitry “bishop” “pop”, niekde aj ako “\u0161a\u0161o\/bl\u00e1zon”<\/span>
\n\u010di\u017ee nie je pravda, \u017eeby bol v\u0161ade biskup , resp. ten slon vznikol sk\u00f4r zo strelca ne\u017e jazdca<\/span><\/p>\n

Takisto zo stredovek\u00fdcm kultom rytierstva a zmenou so slabej na najmocnej\u0161iu fig\u00faru sa zmenila dne\u0161n\u00e1 d\u00e1ma\/kr\u00e1\u013eovna p\u00f4vodne ako vez\u00edr\/firs\/ferz
\n(napr. dodnes v arab\u010dine, ture\u010dtine, ru\u0161tine, ma\u010far\u010dine a in\u00fdch orient\u00e1lnych a nom\u00e1dskych jazykoch alebo hetman v po\u013e\u0161tine)<\/p>\n

verzus d\u00e1ma\/kr\u00e1\u013eovna v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ine rom\u00e1nskych\/germ\u00e1nskych aj \u010de\u0161tine\/sloven\u010dine “regina\/dama\/dame, kralevna …<\/p>\n

Pod\u013ea Murraya to arabsko-perzsk\u00e9 “firz\/fierz sa dos\u0165 podobalo v stredovekej franc\u00faz\u0161tine vo v\u00fdslovnosti na “vierg (z latinsk\u00e9ho virgo), teda panna<\/p>\n

“Panna (stredovek\u00fd ide\u00e1l \u010dnosti – Panna M\u00e1ria, kr\u00e1\u013eovna bo\u017eia s\u00fa\u010dasne d\u00e1ma\/kr\u00e1\u013eovna v svetskom pon\u00edman\u00ed<\/p>\n

Takisto pomenovanie kr\u00e1\u013e v rom\u00e1nskych jazykoch je Rei, Rey, Roi, Re ….od latinsk\u00e9ho rex
\nu n\u00e1s v slovansk\u00fdch a germ\u00e1nskych ako kr\u00e1\u013e\/kr\u00e1l, koning, king ..m\u00e1 sk\u00f4r p\u00f4vod od fransk\u00e9ho kr\u00e1\u013ea Karla Ve\u013ek\u00e9ho “Carolus<\/p>\n

niekde ako c\u00e1r\/tsar to zas vzniklo od cis\u00e1r\/Caesar<\/p>\n

Ak si to \u0161achista uvedom\u00ed tak pozn\u00e1 intuit\u00edvne preklad prakticky v\u0161etky n\u00e1zvy fig\u00far v r\u00f4znych jazykoch, ak to uvid\u00ed v nejakej knihe\/\u010dasopise alebo not\u00e1cii s cudzincom nech je to hoc Azerbajd\u017eanec alebo D\u00e1n.<\/p>\n

Vr\u00e1tim sa, ale sp\u00e4\u0165 kame\u0148\/fig\u00farka – sloven\u010dina sa nezmenila len m\u00e1me zl\u00fd preklad v pravidl\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n

Kame\u0148 je abstraktn\u00e1 forma pomenovania, fig\u00farka materi\u00e1lna
\nje v tom podobn\u00fd rozdiel ako srdce – anatomick\u00fd\/medic\u00ednsky (to je fig\u00farka) vs. “poetick\u00e9 milujem z cel\u00e9ho srdca\/z celej du\u0161e (kame\u0148 v \u0161achu)<\/p>\n

Mysl\u00edm, \u017ee ten odtie\u0148 v\u00fdznamu tu je.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Viete ? …. Na\u010fabila som na celkom zauj\u00edmav\u00fa diskusiu star\u0161ieho d\u00e1ta na f\u00f3re s\u0161z. Tak\u017ee preber\u00e1m a prajem pr\u00edjemn\u00e9 \u010d\u00edtanie :,, kedy a hlavne pre\u010do sa v slovenskom preklade Pravidiel […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1348","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"yoast_head":"\nAko sa Kamene zmenili na Fig\u00farky? - B\u0160K Bardejov<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.bskbardejov.chess.sk\/index.php\/2017\/06\/25\/sa-kamene-zmenili-figurky\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sk_SK\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Ako sa Kamene zmenili na Fig\u00farky? - B\u0160K Bardejov\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Viete ? …. 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